Dr.NISANTH PRABHAKARAN. BAMS
An acute and severe infection by leptospira interrogans
Out of these most common are
1.Leptospira icterohaemorrhagic of rats
2.Leptospira canicola of dogs
3.Leptospira Pomona of cattles and swine
Mode of transmission of :
· By the ingestion of food and drink contaminated by the urine of reservoir animal.
· It may enter through minor skin lesions and probably via the conjunctiva.
Incubation period:
2 to 20 days
TYPES
1. ANICTERIC LEPTOSPIROSIS
2. ICTERIC LEPTOSPIROSIS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
· High degree pyrexia
· Chills
· Abdominal pain
· Severe headache
· Myalgia
· Marked conjunctival suffusion
· Renal impairment
· Hepatic impairment
· Abnormal mental status
· Hemorrhagic pneumonia
· Hypotension
· Signs of meningitis
· Rash and adenopathy
LAB INVESTIGATIONS :
· In mild stage leptospires can be isolated
· Leukocyte count may be normal or higher
· Presence of urine bile, protein, casts and red cells
· Increased S.Bilirubin, aminotransferase
· Uremia
· Increased S.creatinine and creatinine kinase
· IgM EIA ( enzyme immunosorbent assay)
· ELISA test
· Lumbar puncture
COMPLICATIONS:
· Myocarditis
· Aseptic meningitis
· Renal failure
Pulmonary infiltrate with haemorrhage.
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